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- Title
Alternaria Inhibits Defense Mechanism for Virus Infection.
- Authors
Wada, Kota; Kobayashi, Takao; Matsuwaki, Yoshinori; Arai, Chiaki; Kita, Hirohito; Moriyama, Hiroshi; Edamatsu, Hideo
- Abstract
Objective: It has been suggested that fungi may have trigger effects for CRS. It was reported that PBMCs from CRS patients produced IL‐5, IL‐13 and INF‐gamma by Alternaria. Kobayashi reported that Alternaria produced potent Th2‐like adjuvant effects in the airway. We hypothesized that Alternaria inhibits Th1‐type defense mechanisms against virus infection. Method: The functional responses were assessed by expression of cell surface molecules by FACS (MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, OX40L and CCR7). IL‐6, IP‐10, and I‐TAC were measured by ELISA kits (R&D Systems). TLR3 mRNA and protein expression were detected by real time–PCR and Western blotting. Results: Alternaria and Poly I:C induced surface molecules of MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, OX40L, and CCR7 and IL‐6 production in a concentration‐dependent manner. But, Alternaria significantly inhibited IP‐10, I‐TAC, and IFN‐gamma production induced by Poly I:C. TLR3 mRNA expression and protein production by Poly I:C were significantly inhibited by Alternairia. It was considered that these reactions were caused by heat‐resistance and over 100 molecular weight substance from Alternaria. Conclusion: From these results, it was found that the presence of Alternaria inhibited a production of IFN‐gamma by inhibiting expression of TLR3 and inhibited a production of IP ‐10 and I‐TAC. Alternaria inhibits defense mechanisms against virus infection. It was suggested that Alternaria caused suppression for innate immune systems.
- Publication
Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 2012, Vol 145, Issue 2, pP241
- ISSN
0194-5998
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/0194599812451426a370