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- Title
A Healthy, Low-Carbohydrate Diet During Pregnancy Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
- Authors
Xi Chen; Yuhao Zhang; Lixia Lin; Li Huang; Chunrong Zhong; Qian Li; Tianqi Tan; Weiming Wang; Huaqi Zhang; Jin Liu; Guoqiang Sun; Nianhua Yi; Xuefeng Yang; Liping Hao; Hongying Yang; Nianhong Yang
- Abstract
Context: Evidence on the associations of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been limited and inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the risk of GDM associated with the LCD considering the quality of macronutrients. Methods: All participants were from a prospective cohort in Wuhan, China. The overall, healthy LCD (emphasizing low-quality carbohydrates, plant protein, and unsaturated fat), and unhealthy LCD (emphasizing high-quality carbohydrates, animal protein, and saturated fat) scores were calculated according to the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates, protein, and fat. GDM was screened by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks. Poisson regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Of 2337 pregnant women, 257 (11.0%) were diagnosed with GDM. Overall LCD score was not associated with risk of GDM, but the healthy and unhealthy LCD scores were associated with the risk of GDM. The multivariable-adjusted RRs (95% CI) were 0.68 (0.49-0.94) and 1.52 (1.11-2.08) for healthy and unhealthy LCD scores comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. Substituting high-quality carbohydrates for low-quality carbohydrates and animal protein, and substituting unsaturated fat for saturated fat, were associated with a 13% to 29% lower risk of GDM. Conclusion: A healthy LCD during pregnancy characterized by high-quality carbohydrates, plant protein, and unsaturated fat was associated with a lower risk of GDM, whereas an unhealthy LCD consisting of low-quality carbohydrates, animal protein, and saturated fat was associated with a higher risk of GDM.
- Subjects
LOW-carbohydrate diet; GESTATIONAL diabetes
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2024, Vol 109, Issue 3, pe956
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1210/clinem/dgad705