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- Title
Lead toxicity in rice: effects, mechanisms, and mitigation strategies-a mini review.
- Authors
Ashraf, Umair; Kanu, Adam; Mo, Zhaowen; Hussain, Saddam; Anjum, Shakeel; Khan, Imran; Abbas, Rana; Tang, Xiangru
- Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major environmental pollutant that affects plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. Its higher levels in the environment are not only toxic to human beings but also harmful for plants and soil microbes. We have reviewed the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of Pb and its toxic effects on germination, growth, yield, nutrient relation, photosynthesis, respiration, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense system of rice. Lead toxicity hampers rice germination, root/shoot length, growth, and final yield. It reduces nutrient uptake through roots, disrupts chloroplastic ultrastructure and cell membrane permeability, induces alterations in leaves respiratory activities, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers some enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants (as defense to oxidative damage). In the end, biochar amendments and phytoremediation technologies have been proposed as soil remediation approaches for Pb tainted soils.
- Subjects
POLLUTANTS; LEAD &; the environment; SOIL microbiology; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CELL membranes
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2015, Vol 22, Issue 23, p18318
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-015-5463-x