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- Title
Efficacy of Vermifiltration to Treat Liquid Cattle Manure to Mitigate Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions.
- Authors
Monaghan, JERA L.; Michal, Jennifer; Jobson, B. Thomas; O'Keeffe, Patrick; De Castro-Nunes, Cris; Austin, Mackenzie; Johnson, Kristen A.
- Abstract
The objective was to determine the efficacy of a vermifiltration system that treats liquid cattle manure to alter methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) emissions, and nutrient composition (potassium-K; phosphorus-P; nitrogen-N). Liquid manure was sampled as it entered the worm-bed (influent) and as it exited from the worm-bed (effluent) to measure changes in nutrient composition. Worm-bed surface fluxes of CH4 and N2O were measured in real-time for three distinct environmental temperatures (0 ËšC, 10 ËšC, and 20 ËšC) to examine seasonal variation at several locations in the 3.64 ha worm-bed using isolation chambers and cavity ringdown spectrometry. NH3 flux was measured from the chambers using a ChemComb 3500 Speciation Collection Cartridge and coated honeycomb denuders. NH3 samples were eluted within 4 h of collection and stored at -20 ËšC until colorimetric analysis. Duplicate NH3 measurements were made for each chamber location at each temperature. Examination of the influx and efflux data indicates reductions of 25% in K, 96% in P, 99% in total suspended solids, 92% in volatile solids, and 92% in total Kjeldahl N. Chamber CH4 concentrations at 0 ËšC (0.51 to 1.18 ppm) tended to be less at 10 ËšC (2.17 to 2.67 ppm) and 20 ËšC (1.6 to 2.45 ppm) but were not different across temperatures (P < .077) and reflected ambient concentrations (2.44 ppm). N2O concentrations at 0 ËšC (157.00 to 224.00 ppb) and 10 ËšC (86.3 to 176.5 ppb) were not different than ambient (358.5 ppb), but at 20 ËšC (400.0 to 655.0 ppb) concentrations tended to be greater (P < 0.07). NH3 concentrations at 0 ËšC (0.06 to 0.33 ppm) and 20 ËšC (1.35 and 2.21 ppm) were not different but at 10 ËšC (11.8 to 28.7 ppm) were greater (P < 0.05). Fluxes were calculated for each sampling period. During 0 ËšC flux densities were 1.61 ± 0.17 mg· m-2· day-1 for N2O, 2.5 0.57mg m-2· day-1 for CH4, and 0.007± 0.00 mg m-2· day-1 for NH3. At 20ËšC flux densities were 1.98± 0.63 mg· m-2day-1 for N2O, 2.88± 0.755 mg m-2· day-1 for CH4, and 25.4 ± 0.0 mg· m-2· day-1 for NH3. Flux calculations and extrapolation of emission rates to the entire system indicates that vermifiltration is an effective strategy to alter nutrient concentrations and reduce CH4 emissions but not emissions of N2O and NH3.
- Subjects
CATTLE manure; CARBON emissions; TOTAL suspended solids; COLORIMETRIC analysis; GREENHOUSE gases; ACTINIC flux; POTASSIUM
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2023, Vol 101, p238
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/jas/skad281.287