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- Title
Amyloid-associated depression and ApoE4 allele: longitudinal follow-up for the development of Alzheimer's disease.
- Authors
Qiu, Wei Qiao; Zhu, Haihao; Dean, Michael; Liu, Zhiheng; Vu, Linh; Fan, Guanguang; Li, Huajie; Mwamburi, Mkaya; Steffens, David C.; Au, Rhoda
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Amyloid-associated depression is associated with cognitive impairment cross sectionally. This follow-up study was to determine the relationship between amyloid-associated depression and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).<bold>Methods: </bold>Two hundred and twenty three subjects who did not have dementia at baseline were given a repeat cognitive evaluation for incident AD. Depression was defined by having a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) score ≥ 16, and non-amyloid vs. amyloid-associated depression by having a low vs. high plasma amyloid-β peptide 40 (Aβ40)/Aβ42 ratio. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was determined, and antidepressant usage was documented.<bold>Results: </bold>Fifteen subjects developed AD (7%) after an average follow-up time of 6.2 years. While none of those with non-amyloid depression developed AD, 9% of those with amyloid-associated depression developed AD. Further, among those with amyloid-associated depression, ApoE4 carriers tended to have a higher risk of AD than ApoE4 non-carriers (40% vs. 4%, p = 0.06). In contrast, 8% of those who did not have depression at baseline developed AD, but ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers did not show a difference in the AD risk. After adjusting for age, the interaction between ApoE4 and amyloid-associated depression (β = +0.113, SE = 0.047, P = 0.02) and the interaction between ApoE4 and antidepressant use (β = +0.174, SE = 0.064, P = 0.007) were associated with the AD risk.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Amyloid-associated depression may be prodromal depression of AD especially in the presence of ApoE4. Future studies with a larger cohort and a longer follow-up are warranted to further confirm this conclusion.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease; MENTAL depression; AMYLOID; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; GENOTYPES; ALLELES; ANALYSIS of variance; APOLIPOPROTEINS; COGNITION disorders; LONGITUDINAL method; PEPTIDES; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; RESEARCH funding; PSYCHOLOGICAL factors; PSYCHOLOGY
- Publication
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016, Vol 31, Issue 3, p316
- ISSN
0885-6230
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/gps.4339