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- Title
Rationale and methods of the European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) Project.
- Authors
de Boer, E J; Slimani, N; van 'T Veer, P; Boeing, H; Feinberg, M; Leclercq, C; Trolle, E; Amiano, P; Andersen, L F; Freisling, H; Geelen, A; Harttig, U; Huybrechts, I; Kaic-Rak, A; Lafay, L; Lillegaard, I T; Ruprich, J; de Vries, J H; Ocké, M C
- Abstract
Background/Objectives:The overall objective of the European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) Project was to further develop and validate a trans-European food consumption method to be used for the evaluation of the intake of foods, nutrients and potentially hazardous chemicals within the European population.Subjects/Methods:The EFCOVAL Project was carried out by 13 institutes from 11 European countries. The main activities were centered on the three main objectives of the project organized in different sub-projects.Results:In EFCOVAL, EPIC-Soft (the software developed to conduct 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study) was reprogrammed and adapted according to prioritized specifications, resulting in a software program working under the Windows operating system. In parallel of the EPIC-Soft development, the repeated 24-HDR method using EPIC-Soft and a food propensity questionnaire was evaluated against biomarkers in 24-h urine collections and in blood samples among adults from Belgium, the Czech Republic, (the South of) France, the Netherlands and Norway. As a result from an expert workshop on a proposed dietary assessment method for children (4-12 years), the suggested method was tested in a feasibility study in Denmark and Spain among children of 4-5, 7-8 and 12-13 years. To ensure that collected data had sufficient detail in food description for the assessment of additives and contaminants to foods the EPIC-Soft databases were adapted. Finally, the EFCOVAL Consortium developed a statistical tool (Multiple Source Method) for estimating the usual intake and distribution, which has been tested using real food consumption data and compared with three other statistical methods through a simulation study. In addition, a methodology was developed to quantify uncertainty due to portion-size estimation in usual intake distributions.Conclusion:The findings of EFCOVAL provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the repeated 24-HDR using EPIC-Soft for standardization in combination with a food propensity questionnaire and modeling of usual intake is a suitable method for pan-European surveillance of nutritional adequacy and food safety among healthy adults and maybe in children aged 7 years and older.
- Subjects
EUROPE; FOOD chemistry; FOOD consumption; INGESTION; HAZARDOUS substances; COMPUTER software development; UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); PUBLIC health surveillance; CHILD nutrition
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011, Vol 65, pS1
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/ejcn.2011.82