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- Title
Workplace NO and NO2 during combined treatment of infants with nasal CPAP and NO.
- Authors
Lindwall, Robert; Svensson, Mats E.; Frostell, Claes G.; Eksborg, Staffan; Gustafsson, Lars E.
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To determine the workplace concentrations of NO and NO(2) in and around a paediatric incubator during inhaled NO (iNO) treatment and during an accidental emptying of NO cylinders into room air.<bold>Design: </bold>We simulated iNO-nasal CPAP treatment in order to assess the impact on the occupational environment. Furthermore, two full NO cylinders for therapy, 1,000 ppm, 20 litres, 150 bar and 400 ppm, 10 litres, 150 bar, were emptied as rapidly as possible into an intensive care unit (ICU) room.<bold>Setting: </bold>University hospital ICU.<bold>Measurements and Results: </bold>To correctly gauge the contribution from iNO-CPAP we constructed a system measuring breathing zone and room ventilation inlet-outlet values during a 10-ppm iNO treatment of a simulated infant. Maximal breathing zone values were 17.9 +/- 7.0 (mean +/- 95% CI) ppb for NO and 25.2 +/- 4.8 ppb for NO(2). If room inlet values were subtracted, the contributions to breathing zone values emanating from iNO-CPAP were 14.8 +/- 4.6 ppb for NO and 14.6 +/- 4.6 ppb for NO(2). At the ventilation outlet the maximal contributions were 4.2 +/- 2.9 ppb NO and 9.6 +/- 4.3 ppb NO(2). During rapid total release of a gas cylinder in the ICU room, simulating an accident, we found transient NO levels comparable to the high therapeutic dosing range, but only low NO(2) levels.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Neither 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) nor 15 min short-term exposure limits (STEL) were exceeded during normal operation or during a simulated accident. The contribution of nitrogen oxides from treatment to workplace air were minor compared to those from ambient air.
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY therapy for newborn infants; THERAPEUTIC use of nitric oxide; NITROGEN dioxide; NEONATAL intensive care; ARTIFICIAL respiration; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; NITROGEN oxide analysis; RESPIRATORY distress syndrome treatment; NITRIC oxide analysis; AIR pollution; BRONCHODILATOR agents; COMPARATIVE studies; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; PHOTOCHEMICAL oxidants; RESEARCH; RESPIRATORY distress syndrome; OCCUPATIONAL hazards; ENVIRONMENTAL exposure; EVALUATION research; NEONATAL intensive care units; CONTINUOUS positive airway pressure; INHALATION administration; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
Intensive Care Medicine, 2006, Vol 32, Issue 12, p2034
- ISSN
0342-4642
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1007/s00134-006-0393-1