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- Title
Determinants of the Early Childhood Development Index among children aged < 5 years in Bangladesh, Costa Rica and Ghana: a comparative study.
- Authors
Haq, Iqramul; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Zinnia, Maliha Afroj; Hasan, Md Rifat; Chowdhury, Imru-Al-Quais
- Abstract
Background: Early child development is a crucial factor for children that controls health and well-being in later life. Aims: To determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the Early Child Development Index (ECDI) among children aged < 5 years. Methods: The analysis was performed using cross-sectional survey data from 2019, 2017-2018 and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from Bangladesh, Ghana and Costa Rica, respectively. We used the χ² test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression model for multivariate analysis for all 3 countries. All the statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS version 25 and R version 4.0.0. Results: Child age and sex, followed by maternal education level, economic status, child nutritional status, reading children's books, and maternal functional difficulties had the greatest effect on ECDI. Children aged 36-47 months had lower odds of development than those aged 48-59 months, and boys had lower odds of development than girls in Bangladesh, Costa Rica and Ghana. Urban children had lower odds of development than rural children in Costa Rica but higher odds in Ghana. Conclusion: We recommend that governments should take the necessary steps to enhance children's early development and well-being in all 3 countries by raising education, improving economic conditions and providing balanced nutrition.
- Subjects
GHANA; COSTA Rica; BANGLADESH; STATISTICS; CHILD development; CROSS-sectional method; MULTIVARIATE analysis; AGE distribution; ECONOMIC status; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; COMPARATIVE studies; MAPS; SURVEYS; SEX distribution; QUESTIONNAIRES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CHI-squared test; ODDS ratio; LOGISTIC regression analysis; DATA analysis software; EDUCATIONAL attainment; NUTRITIONAL status; RURAL population
- Publication
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2021, Vol 27, Issue 11, p1069
- ISSN
1020-3397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26719/emhj.21.055