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- Title
Survival Patterns Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Authors
Limenih, Miteku Andualem; Mekonnen, Eskedar Getie; Birhanu, Frehiwot; Jima, Beshada Rago; Sisay, Binyam Girma; Kassahun, Eskeziaw Abebe; Hassen, Hamid Yimam
- Abstract
Key Points: Question: What is the pattern of survival for patients with breast cancer in Sub-Saharan African countries? Findings: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 459 participants in 49 unique studies, the survival rates for patients with breast cancer were estimated to be 79% at 1 year, 56% at 3 years, and 40% at 5 years. The survival was lower in countries with a low compared with middle and high human development indexes, and an improvement in survival was observed in studies conducted in recent years. Meaning: These findings suggest that a comprehensive approach—including breast cancer screening, early diagnosis, and effective treatment—involving collaboration from all relevant stakeholders is necessary to enhance the lower survival rates of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the survival pattern of patients with breast cancer in Sub-Saharan African countries and explores variations across countries, over time and by development status. Importance: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally with tremendous disparities both within specific regions and across different contexts. The survival pattern of patients with breast cancer remains poorly understood in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Objective: To investigate the survival patterns of patients with breast cancer in SSA countries and compare the variation across countries and over time. Data Sources: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched from inception to December 31, 2022, with a manual search of the references. Study Selection: Cohort studies of human participants that reported 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 10-year survival from diagnosis among men, women, or both with breast cancer in SSA were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Independent extraction of study characteristics by multiple observers was performed using open-source software, then exported to a standard spreadsheet. A random-effects model using the generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to pool data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for reporting was followed. Main Outcome and Measures: Survival time from diagnosis. Results: Forty-nine studies were included in the review with a sample size ranging from 21 to 2311 (total, 14 459; 196 [1.35%] men, 13 556 [93.75%] women, and 707 [4.90%] unspecified; mean age range, 38 to 71 years), of which 40 were summarized using meta-analysis. The pooled 1-year survival rate of patients with breast cancer in SSA was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67-0.88); 2-year survival rate, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57-0.80); 3-year survival rate, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.45-0.67); 4-year survival rate, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.43-0.65); and 5-year survival rate, 0.40 (95% CI, 0.32-0.49). The subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate ranged from 0.26 (95% CI, 0.06-0.65) for studies conducted earlier than 2010 to 0.47 (95% CI, 0.32-0.64) for studies conducted later than 2020. Additionally, the 5-year survival rate was lower in countries with a low human development index (HDI) (0.36 [95% CI, 0.25-0.49) compared with a middle HDI (0.46 [95% CI, 0.33-0.60]) and a high HDI (0.54 [95% CI, 0.04-0.97]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the survival rates for patients with breast cancer in SSA were higher in countries with a high HDI compared with a low HDI. Enhancing patient survival necessitates a comprehensive approach that involves collaboration from all relevant stakeholders.
- Subjects
SUB-Saharan Africa; BREAST cancer prognosis; BREAST tumor risk factors; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; BREAST tumors; META-analysis; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CHI-squared test; DISEASES; SYSTEMATIC reviews; MEDLINE; ONLINE information services; SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry); CONFIDENCE intervals; DATA analysis software
- Publication
JAMA Network Open, 2024, Vol 7, Issue 5, pe2410260
- ISSN
2574-3805
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10260