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- Title
A longitudinal high-risk study of adolescent anxiety, depression and parent-severity on the developmental course of risk-adjustment.
- Authors
Rawal, Adhip; Riglin, Lucy; Ng‐Knight, Terry; Collishaw, Stephan; Thapar, Anita; Rice, Frances
- Abstract
Background Adolescence is associated with developments in the reward system and increased rates of emotional disorders. Familial risk for depression may be associated with disruptions in the reward system. However, it is unclear how symptoms of depression and anxiety influence the development of reward-processing over adolescence and whether variation in the severity of parental depression is associated with hyposensitivity to reward in a high-risk sample. Methods We focused on risk-adjustment (adjusting decisions about reward according to the probability of obtaining reward) as this was hypothesized to improve over adolescence. In a one-year longitudinal sample ( N = 197) of adolescent offspring of depressed parents, we examined how symptoms of depression and anxiety (generalized anxiety and social anxiety) influenced the development of risk-adjustment. We also examined how parental depression severity influenced adolescent risk-adjustment. Results Risk-adjustment improved over the course of the study indicating improved adjustment of reward-seeking to shifting contingencies. Depressive symptoms were associated with decreases in risk-adjustment over time while social anxiety symptoms were associated with increases in risk-adjustment over time. Specifically, depression was associated with reductions in reward-seeking at favourable reward probabilities only, whereas social anxiety (but not generalized anxiety) led to reductions in reward-seeking at low reward probabilities only. Parent depression severity was associated with lowered risk-adjustment in offspring and also influenced the longitudinal relationship between risk-adjustment and offspring depression. Conclusions Anxiety and depression distinctly alter the pattern of longitudinal change in reward-processing. Severity of parent depression was associated with alterations in adolescent offspring reward-processing in a high-risk sample.
- Subjects
UNITED Kingdom; MENTAL depression risk factors; ANXIETY risk factors; SOCIAL anxiety; ADOLESCENCE; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; STATISTICAL correlation; DECISION making; INTELLIGENCE tests; LONGITUDINAL method; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests; PARENT-child relationships; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; PUBERTY; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICS; T-test (Statistics); DATA analysis; REPEATED measures design; SEVERITY of illness index; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Journal of Child Psychology, 2014, Vol 55, Issue 11, p1270
- ISSN
0021-9630
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jcpp.12279