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- Title
The Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka)-Specific Nectar and Honey Compound 3,6,7-Trimethyllumazine (Lepteridine TM) That Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Activity.
- Authors
Lin, Bin; Nair, Smitha; Fellner, Daniel M. J.; Nasef, Noha Ahmed; Singh, Harjinder; Negron, Leonardo; Goldstone, David C.; Brimble, Margaret A.; Gerrard, Juliet A.; Domigan, Laura; Evans, Jackie C.; Stephens, Jonathan M.; Merry, Troy L.; Loomes, Kerry M.
- Abstract
3,6,7-trimethyllumazine (Lepteridine™) is a newly discovered natural pteridine derivative unique to Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) nectar and honey, with no previously reported biological activity. Pteridine derivative-based medicines, such as methotrexate, are used to treat auto-immune and inflammatory diseases, and Mānuka honey reportedly possesses anti-inflammatory properties and is used topically as a wound dressing. MMP-9 is a potential candidate protein target as it is upregulated in recalcitrant wounds and intestinal inflammation. Using gelatin zymography, 40 μg/mL LepteridineTM inhibited the gelatinase activities of both pro- (22%, p < 0.0001) and activated (59%, p < 0.01) MMP-9 forms. By comparison, LepteridineTM exerted modest (~10%) inhibition against a chromogenic peptide substrate and no effect against a fluorogenic peptide substrate. These findings suggest that LepteridineTM may not interact within the catalytic domain of MMP-9 and exerts a negligible effect on the active site hydrolysis of small soluble peptide substrates. Instead, the findings implicate fibronectin II domain interactions by LepteridineTM which impair gelatinase activity, possibly through perturbed tethering of MMP-9 to the gelatin matrix. Molecular modelling analyses were equivocal over interactions at the S1′ pocket versus the fibronectin II domain, while molecular dynamic calculations indicated rapid exchange kinetics. No significant degradation of synthetic or natural LepteridineTM in Mānuka honey occurred during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. MMP-9 regulates skin and gastrointestinal inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix remodelling. These results potentially implicate LepteridineTM bioactivity in Mānuka honey's reported beneficial effects on wound healing via topical application and anti-inflammatory actions in gastrointestinal disorder models via oral consumption.
- Subjects
HONEY; LEPTOSPERMUM scoparium; MATRIX metalloproteinases; NECTAR; TOPICAL drug administration; CHROMOGENIC compounds; WOUND healing; FIBRONECTINS
- Publication
Foods, 2023, Vol 12, Issue 22, p4072
- ISSN
2304-8158
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/foods12224072