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- Title
Hydraulic Transport Through Calcite Bearing Faults With Customized Roughness: Effects of Normal and Shear Loading.
- Authors
Acosta, Mateo; Maye, Robin; Violay, Marie
- Abstract
Understanding fluid flow in rough fractures is of high importance to large scale geologic processes and to most anthropogenic geo‐energy activities. Here we conducted fluid transport experiments on Carrara marble fractures with a novel customized surface topography. Transmissivity measurements were conducted under mechanical loading conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs (normal stresses from 20 to 70 MPa and shear stresses from 0 to 30 MPa). A numerical procedure simulating normal contact and fluid flow through fractures with complex geometries was validated toward experiments. Using it, we isolated the effects of roughness parameters on fracture fluid flow. Under normal loading, we find that (i) the transmissivity decreases with normal loading and is strongly dependent on fault surface geometry and (ii) the standard deviation of heights (hRMS) and macroscopic wavelength of the surface asperities control fracture transmissivity. Transmissivity evolution is nonmonotonic, with more than 4 orders of magnitude difference for small variations of macroscopic wavelength and hRMS roughness. Reversible elastic shear loading has little effect on transmissivity; it can increase or decrease depending on contact geometry and overall stress state on the fault. Irreversible shear displacement (up to 1 mm offset) slightly decreases transmissivity and its variation with irreversible shear displacements can be predicted numerically and geometrically at low normal stress only. Finally, irreversible changes in surface roughness (plasticity and wear) due to shear displacement result in a permanent decrease of transmissivity when decreasing differential stress. Generally, reduction of a carbonate fault's effective stress increases its transmissivity while inducing small shear displacements does not. Key Points: Calcite marble fractures with customized roughness are used to study how roughness parameters affect fluid flow under upper crustal conditionsFracture transmissivity under normal stress shows a nonmonotonic dependence with RMS roughness and macroscopic wavelengthReversible elastic shear loading does not change transmissivity. Irreversible displacement correlates with fracture geometry at low normal stress
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC conveying; FLUID flow; SEISMOLOGY; TOMOGRAPHY; EARTHQUAKES
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 2020, Vol 125, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
2169-9313
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2020JB019767