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- Title
A genome-wide analysis of the flax (<italic>Linum usitatissimum</italic> L.) dirigent protein family: from gene identification and evolution to differential regulation.
- Authors
Corbin, Cyrielle; Drouet, Samantha; Markulin, Lucija; Auguin, Daniel; Lainé, Éric; Davin, Laurence B.; Cort, John R.; Lewis, Norman G.; Hano, Christophe
- Abstract
Key message: Identification of DIR encoding genes in flax genome. Analysis of phylogeny, gene/protein structures and evolution. Identification of new conserved motifs linked to biochemical functions. Investigation of spatio-temporal gene expression and response to stress.Abstract: Dirigent proteins (DIRs) were discovered during 8-8′ lignan biosynthesis studies, through identification of stereoselective coupling to afford either (+)- or (−)-pinoresinols from <italic>E</italic>-coniferyl alcohol. DIRs are also involved or potentially involved in terpenoid, allyl/propenyl phenol lignan, pterocarpan and lignin biosynthesis. <italic>DIRs</italic> have very large multigene families in different vascular plants including flax, with most still of unknown function. DIR studies typically focus on a small subset of genes and identification of biochemical/physiological functions. Herein, a genome-wide analysis and characterization of the predicted flax <italic>DIR</italic> 44-membered multigene family was performed, this species being a rich natural grain source of 8-8′ linked secoisolariciresinol-derived lignan oligomers. All predicted <italic>DIR</italic> sequences, including their promoters, were analyzed together with their public gene expression datasets. Expression patterns of selected <italic>DIRs</italic> were examined using qPCR, as well as through clustering analysis of <italic>DIR</italic> gene expression. These analyses further implicated roles for specific DIRs in (−)-pinoresinol formation in seed-coats, as well as (+)-pinoresinol in vegetative organs and/or specific responses to stress. Phylogeny and gene expression analysis segregated flax <italic>DIRs</italic> into six distinct clusters with new cluster-specific motifs identified. We propose that these findings can serve as a foundation to further systematically determine functions of <italic>DIRs</italic>, i.e. other than those already known in lignan biosynthesis in flax and other species. Given the differential expression profiles and inducibility of the flax <italic>DIR</italic> family, we provisionally propose that some <italic>DIR</italic> genes of unknown function could be involved in different aspects of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and plant defense.
- Subjects
FLAX; GENETIC regulation in plants; PLANT genomes; GENE expression in plants; EFFECT of stress on plants
- Publication
Plant Molecular Biology, 2018, Vol 97, Issue 1-2, p73
- ISSN
0167-4412
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11103-018-0725-x