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- Title
Low-Parameter Phylogenetic Inference Under the General Markov Model.
- Authors
HOLLAND, BARBARA R.; JARVIS, PETER D.; SUMNER, JEREMY G.
- Abstract
In their 2008 and 2009 articles, Sumner and colleagues introduced the "squangles"--a small set of Markov invariants for phylogenetic quartets. The squangles are consistent with the general Markov (GM) model and can be used to infer quartets without the need to explicitly estimate all parameters. As the GM model is inhomogeneous and hence nonstationary, the squangles are expected to perform well compared with standard approaches when there are changes in base composition among species. However, the GM model assumes constant rates across sites, so the squangles should be confounded by data generated with invariant sites or other forms of rate-variation across sites. Here we implement the squangles in a least-squares setting that returns quartets weighted by either confidence or internal edge lengths, and we show how these weighted quartets can be used as input into a variety of supertree and supernetwork methods. For the first time, we quantitatively investigate the robustness of the squangles to breaking of the constant rates-across-sites assumption on both simulated and real data sets; and we suggest a modification that improves the performance of the squangles in the presence of invariant sites. Our conclusion is that the squangles provide a novel tool for phylogenetic estimation that is complementary to methods that explicitly account for rate-variation across sites, but rely on homogeneous--and hence stationary--models, [base-composition; Markov invariants; phylogenetic invariants; quartets; rate-variation; supertrees]
- Subjects
PHYLOGENY; PARAMETER estimation; AMINO acid sequence; QUANTITATIVE research; MARKOV processes; BIOLOGICAL variation
- Publication
Systematic Biology, 2013, Vol 62, Issue 1, p78
- ISSN
1063-5157
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/sysbio/sys072