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- Title
Enhanced Biomimetics of Three-Dimensional Osteosarcoma Models: A Scoping Review.
- Authors
Sandhu, Vinesh; Bakkalci, Deniz; Wei, Siyi; Cheema, Umber
- Abstract
Simple Summary: This review explores various studies to understand how 3D cell cultures mimic real tumour conditions and respond to anticancer drugs. This study focuses on osteosarcoma (OS), which is a type of bone cancer. The findings of these studies revealed that 3D OS models, especially those with specific scaffolds, better replicate the OS tumour environment by influencing their growth and resistance to anticancer drugs. This review highlights the importance of improving 3D OS models to better represent the actual tumour environment and increase the accuracy of drug testing. Future work should explore innovative 3D models and materials for more effective advancement in osteosarcoma research, with the hope of translating to better patient care. This scoping review evaluated 3D osteosarcoma (OS) models' biomimicry, examining their ability to mimic the tumour microenvironment (TME) and their drug sensitivity. Adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the systematic search revealed 293 studies, with 70 selected for final analysis. Overall, 64% of 3D OS models were scaffold-based, compared to self-generated spheroid models. Scaffolds generated using native matrix were most common (42%) with collagen I/hydroxyapatite predominating. Both scaffold-based and scaffold-free models were used equally for drug screening. The sensitivity of cancer cells in 3D was reported to be lower than that of cells in 2D in ~90% of the drug screening studies. This correlates with the observed upregulation of drug resistance. OS cells cultured in extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic scaffolds and native biomaterials were more resistant than cells in 2D. Co-cultures of OS and stromal cells in 3D models enhanced osteogenic differentiation, ECM remodelling, mineralisation, and angiogenesis, suggesting that tumour–stroma crosstalk promotes disease progression. Seven studies demonstrated selective toxicity of chemotherapeutics towards OS cells while sparing stromal cells, providing useful evidence for developing biomimetic tumour–stroma models to test selective drug toxicity. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to enhance biomimicry in 3D OS models for TME recapitulation, especially in testing novel therapeutics. Future research should explore innovative 3D biomimetic models, biomaterials, and advancements in personalised medicine.
- Subjects
ONLINE information services; DISEASE progression; COLLAGEN; CLINICAL drug trials; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; BONE growth; OSTEOSARCOMA; STRUCTURAL models; SYSTEMATIC reviews; BIONICS; CULTURES (Biology); DRUG resistance; STROMAL cells; BONE tumors; EXTRACELLULAR matrix; TISSUE engineering; PATHOLOGIC neovascularization; PREDICTION models; CELL lines; LITERATURE reviews; DRUG development; MEDLINE; BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 1, p164
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16010164