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- Title
Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) thrombosis using a 3D-printed mock-oxygenator.
- Authors
Umei, Nao; Lai, Angela; Miller, Jennifer; Shin, Suji; Roberts, Kalliope; AI Qatarneh, Saif; Ichiba, Shingo; Sakamoto, Atsuhiro; Cook, Keith E.
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) research using large animals requires a significant amount of resources, slowing down the development of new means of ECMO anticoagulation. Therefore, this study developed and evaluated a new rat ECMO model using a 3D-printed mock-oxygenator.<bold>Methods: </bold>The circuit consisted of tubing, a 3D-printed mock-oxygenator, and a roller pump. The mock-oxygenator was designed to simulate the geometry and blood flow patterns of the fiber bundle in full-scale oxygenators but with a low (2.5 mL) priming volume. Rats were placed on arteriovenous ECMO at a 1.9 mL/min flow rate at two different heparin doses (n = 3 each): low (15 IU/kg/h for eight hours) versus high (50 IU/kg/h for one hour followed by 25 IU/kg/h for seven hours). The experiment continued for eight hours or until the mock-oxygenator failed. The mock-oxygenator was considered to have failed when its blood flow resistance reached three times its baseline resistance.<bold>Results: </bold>During ECMO, rats maintained near-normal mean arterial pressure and arterial blood gases with minimal hemodilution. The mock-oxygenator thrombus weight was significantly different (p < 0.05) between the low (0.02 ± 0.006 g) and high (0.003 ± 0.001 g) heparin delivery groups, and blood flow resistance was also larger in the low anticoagulation group.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This model is a simple, inexpensive system for investigating new anticoagulation agents for ECMO and provides low and high levels of anticoagulation that can serve as control groups for future studies.
- Subjects
EXTRACORPOREAL membrane oxygenation; RATS; BLOOD flow; ANTICOAGULANTS; THROMBOSIS; HEPARIN; OXYGENATORS; RESEARCH; ANIMAL experimentation; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; EVALUATION research; COMPARATIVE studies; THREE-dimensional printing; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021, Vol 19, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1479-5876
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12967-021-02847-w