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- Title
Effects of Childhood Adversity and Its Interaction with the MAOA, BDNF, and COMT Polymorphisms on Subclinical Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms in Generally Healthy Youth.
- Authors
Meng-Che Tsai; Kai-Jyun Jhang; Chih-Ting Lee; Yu-Fang Lin; Carol Strong; Yi-Ching Lin; Yi-Ping Hsieh; Chung-Ying Lin
- Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of childhood adversity and its interaction with the polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes on attention and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a community sample of generally healthy youth. Participants (N = 432) completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness) and adverse childhood experiences, such as adverse environments (AEs) and childhood maltreatment (CM). Salivary genomic DNA was used to test polymorphisms inMAOA, BDNF, and COMT genes. A gene score (GS)was created based on the number of risk allele in the studied genes. Multiple linear regressions were usedto examine the genetic andenvironmental effects onADHDsymptoms. The univariate analysis indicated that CM was significantly associated with inattention (β = 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.16-0.79]), hyperactivity (0.25 [0.06-0.45]), and impulsiveness (1.16 [0.26-2.05]), while the GS was associated with hyperactivity (0.22 [0.11-0.33]) and impulsiveness (0.56 [0.06-1.05]). Only the GS remained significantly associated with hyperactivity (0.25 [0.12-0.37]) and impulsiveness (0.79 [0.20-1.38]) when the gene-environment interaction term was added in the model. No effects were found for AE and the gene-environment interaction term. In conclusion, CM was associated with ADHD symptoms in emerging adulthood. Genetic factors may also play a significant role in the association with these outcomes.
- Subjects
GENETIC polymorphisms; MONOAMINE oxidase; BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor; CATECHOL-O-methyltransferase gene; GENOTYPE-environment interaction
- Publication
Children, 2020, Vol 7, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
2227-9067
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/children7090122