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- Title
Impacts of Atmospheric Internal Variations on the Variability of Sea Surface Temperature Based on the Hydra‐SINTEX Model.
- Authors
Zhang, Yi; Wu, Jiye; Zheng, Yongjun; Luo, Jing‐Jia
- Abstract
Ocean–atmosphere interactions largely control the variabilities of the climate system on Earth. However, how much atmospheric internal signals contribute to climate variabilities remains uncertain over many parts of the globe. Here, we develop an interactive ensemble coupled model (called Hydra‐SINTEX) to investigate the influences of atmospheric internal variations (AIVs) on the mean‐states and variability of the climate system. The results show that, while climatological mean‐states are little affected, the AIVs can largely influence climate variabilities over the globe. We pay particular attention to two regions, that is, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, which is the key area of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the subtropical North Pacific. We found that sea surface temperature (SST) variabilities in these two regions are much reduced without the AIVs but with distinct mechanisms. Without the AIVs, the intensity of the IOD is largely reduced in association with weakened air–sea coupling in the tropics. This indicates the importance of atmospheric noise forcing on the development of the IOD. In contrast, the reduction of SST variability in the subtropical North Pacific is caused by the absence of the AIVs that are generated by both mid‐latitude atmospheric processes and weakened remote influence of the tropical SST in accordance with the reduced SST signals there. Plain Language Summary: Ocean–atmosphere interactions are pivotal in shaping Earth's climate system. However, how much atmospheric internal variations (AIVs) contribute to climate variabilities remains uncertain in many places over the globe. Here, we have devised an interactive ensemble coupled model (called Hydra‐SINTEX), allowing us to explore the impacts of the AIVs on the mean‐states and variabilities of the climate system. The results reveal that, while climatological mean‐states remain little affected, the AIVs significantly influence global climate variabilities. We focus on two specific regions: the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, a critical area for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the subtropical North Pacific. We have observed that SST variabilities in these regions are notably reduced in the absence of the AIVs through distinct mechanisms. In the case of the IOD, the absence of the AIVs leads to a considerable decrease in its intensity. This underscores the significance of atmospheric noise forcing in influencing the development of the IOD. Conversely, the reduction of SST variability in the subtropical North Pacific can be attributed to the absence of the AIVs generated by mid‐latitude atmospheric processes and the diminished influence of tropical SST signals. Key Points: A developed interactive ensemble model is to investigate the impacts of atmospheric internal variations (AIVs) on climate variabilitiesThe results suggest that the AIVs largely impact sea surface temperature (SST) variability but with distinct regional featuresWithout the AIVs, variabilities of the SST in the tropics and extra‐tropics are much reduced
- Subjects
OCEAN temperature; CLIMATE sensitivity; SHAPE of the earth; LATITUDE; ATMOSPHERICS; ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; OCEAN; OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres, 2024, Vol 129, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
2169-897X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023JD040325