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- Title
HOBBES, SCHMITT VE AGAMBEN'DE POLİTİK TEOLOJİ SORUNU: EGEMEN KİMDİR?
- Authors
ÜNLÜ, Özlem
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to address the primary question of political theology, who the sovereign is, through the engagement with the thought of Hobbes, Schmitt, Agamben. The question of sovereign of political theology, as formulated by Schmitt, has indeed been the question of the mechanization and depoliticization of modern liberal rule of law since Hobbes' theory of sovereignty. According to Schmitt, Hobbes' theory of sovereignty is a true political theology as uniting religious authority (auctoritas) with the power of king (potestas) in an absolute sovereign authority. Hobbes's project of building civil religion, however, enhanced internalization of faith and externalization of the confession of this faith; this liberal move, which set one individual free in private domain, ends up with the universal freedom of conscience. From Schmitt's perspective, it comes to hand in the exception to individuals through religion. Contrary to the very purpose of Hobbessian contract, it means to say that the state of nature to live in civil society in the form of organic religion like ticking bomb. For this reason, Schmitt redefines the sovereign by reversing the relationship that the liberal rule of law state establishes between legality and legitimacy. Thus, Schmitt reintroduces political theology. Agamben, on the other hand, opposes Schmitt's interpretation of Hobbes. For Agamben, Schmitt believed convinced that Hobbes' political theology had failed because Schmitt saw in Leviathan a contrast between the natural state and the civil state. However, when considering Leviathan's iconography, there is no substantial difference between the sovereign authority that Hobbes places between life and death and the sovereign power that Schmitt places between law and politics. Both are the sovereign exception.
- Subjects
POLITICAL theology; CIVIL religion; LIBERTY of conscience; DEPOLITICIZATION; RULE of law; CONSTRUCTION projects; CONSCIENCE
- Publication
Academic Journal of Philosophy / Felsefi Düşün, 2023, Issue 20, p174
- ISSN
2148-0958
- Publication type
Article