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- Title
Improvement of grain drying technology through the rapid grain heating and heat recuperation of wet gases.
- Authors
Gaponiuk, Igor
- Abstract
Introduction. The technology of drying the grain is a bottleneck in the technology of its storage. The modern dryings technology of the grain does not meet the requirements of productivity, energy intensity and quality of its drying. Materials and methods. An object of researches is kinetics of temperature of layer of grain. Standard methods of research of the grain. Known methods for studying gas parameters and mathematical methods of research calculating the results. Results and discussion. We have established the reasons for the growth of energy consumption for grain drying and influences. The main reason for growth of energy consumption consist in the increase in resistance to the intracapillary moisture diffusion in the grain body. The main growth factor of the resistance to the internal diffusion in the grain body is the imbalance of the intracapillary pressure in layers of the seed body. We have found the numerical dependence of the intracapillary resistance to moisture diffusion on the drying rate and body size of the seeds. Probably we are first who in the testing conditions developed and verified the method for reducing intracapillary resistance to diffusion. We have not still encountered such studies in publications that's why in article we gave calculations on the decrease in resistance of the intracapillary moisture diffusion for modes and design of American GH-2419 shaft dryer. The application of our method for reducing energy consumption of drying does not require essential changes in the design of the shaft dryer and will not lead to the decrease in the performance of this dryer. This article provides for the theoretical substantiation of the method for reduction of unit costs for grain drying heat via decrease in the resistance to internal moisture diffusion in the capillaries of the body of the seed. The theoretical interest consists in our research of numerical dependence of the internal resistance to moisture diffusion in the capillaries of the seed body on drying rate and body size of the seed. The practical importance in studies set forth in the article can be perceived in the possibility to reduce the specific energy consumption in grain drying up to 25% through the improvement of drying technology and design of dryers. Both scientists and manufacturers of grain dryers may get interested in this article in order to improve their design. Experimental studies have shown technological possibility and economic feasibility of the method for the grain pre-heating. The use of heat of exhaust drying gases for these needs will allow accelerating the drying of grains up to 25% and reducing energy consumption for drying up to 35%. Our developed method does not require significant capital investments and may be applied to existing designs of domestic or foreign shaft grain dryers. Conclusions. Experimentally proved the technological feasibility of using heat of the exhaust drying gas with the limited relative humidity (φ2 ≈ 97 to 99 %) for pre-heating of wet grain before its dehydration and tested technological method and modes in which the dehydrated grain is heated almost ten times faster and humidified only by δW= 0.3 - 1.7 %.
- Subjects
GRAIN drying; HEAT convection; ENERGY consumption; DEHYDRATION; ENERGY intensity (Economics); MATHEMATICAL models
- Publication
Ukrainian Journal of Food Science, 2017, Vol 5, Issue 1, p45
- ISSN
2310-1008
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.24263/2310-1008-2017-5-1-7