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- Title
Non-Invasive Markers for the Detection of Gastric Precancerous Conditions.
- Authors
Romańczyk, Marcin; Osmola, Malgorzata; Link, Alexander; Druet, Amaury; Hémont, Caroline; Martin, Jerome; Chapelle, Nicolas; Matysiak-Budnik, Tamara
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Individuals with atrophic gastritis and gastric intestinal metaplasia, considered gastric precancerous conditions (GPC), are at increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. The identification and surveillance of these patients are important for the diagnosis of early gastric neoplasia. Non-invasive markers of GPC with good diagnostic performance could allow the implementation of a stepwise screening approach and, with successful personalized endoscopic surveillance, possibly decrease gastric cancer morbidity and mortality. Pepsinogen I and II and their ratio are the most broadly investigated biomarkers with moderate diagnostic performance. Their combination with other markers like Helicobacter pylori antibodies and gastrin-17 (called GastroPanel®) allows for more precise identification of GPC but without significant improvement in overall performance. Other new serum biomarkers could possibly enhance the performance of pepsinogens. Some of them may be considered stand-alone biomarkers; however, until now, no high-quality data support the use of any of them. Gastric cancer (GC) is still one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. To diminish the GC burden, a modification of the current diagnostic paradigm, and especially endoscopic diagnosis of symptomatic individuals, is necessary. In this review article, we present a broad review and the current knowledge status on serum biomarkers, including pepsinogens, gastrin, Gastropanel®, autoantibodies, and novel biomarkers, allowing us to estimate the risk of gastric precancerous conditions (GPC)—atrophic gastritis and gastric intestinal metaplasia. The aim of the article is to emphasize the role of non-invasive testing in GC prevention. This comprehensive review describes the pathophysiological background of investigated biomarkers, their status and performance based on available data, as well as their clinical applicability. We point out future perspectives of non-invasive testing and possible new biomarkers opportunities.
- Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance; RISK assessment; STOMACH tumors; PRECANCEROUS conditions; EARLY detection of cancer; TUMOR markers; ENZYMES; METAPLASIA; ATROPHIC gastritis; ENDOSCOPIC gastrointestinal surgery; EARLY diagnosis; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 12, p2254
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16122254