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- Title
Impact of Bisphosphonate Therapy on Oral Health in Patients with Breast and Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: A Comprehensive Study.
- Authors
Calik, Jacek; Calik, Katarzyna; Sauer, Natalia; Zdzisław, Bogucki; Giedziun, Piotr; Mackiewicz, Jacek; Murawski, Marek; Dzięgiel, Piotr
- Abstract
Simple Summary: This study delves into bisphosphonate therapy's effects on oral health in 80 breast and prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates, crucial for managing skeletal complications, are linked to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), presenting in 0.8–18.5% of patients with symptoms like pain, tissue swelling, and tooth mobility. Through dental and radiological assessments—including DMFT and OHI-S indices, periodontal measurements, and panoramic X-rays—the research uncovers a notable decline in oral hygiene post-therapy, evidenced by worsened DMFT, OHI-S, PD, and CAL scores. Additionally, radiological changes hint at bisphosphonates' impact on bone density and structure. Despite no significant changes in TMJ function, the findings underscore the need for ongoing dental care and risk mitigation strategies for BRONJ, emphasizing the vital role of regular dental monitoring and proactive oral hygiene practices in the comprehensive care of cancer patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. This study investigates the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on the stomatognathic system in 80 patients with cancer of the breast and prostate with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are integral for managing skeletal complications in these malignancies but are associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), affecting 0.8–18.5% of patients. BRONJ manifests with pain, neuropathy, tissue swelling, mucosal ulceration, tooth mobility, and abscesses, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, complicating risk prediction. The research employed comprehensive dental and radiological evaluations. Dental status was assessed using DMFT and OHI-S indices, Eichner's classification, and clinical periodontal measurements like the pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI). A radiological analysis included panoramic X-rays for radiomorphometric measurements and TMJ lateral radiographs. Results indicated a significant decline in oral hygiene in patients with cancer after bisphosphonate therapy, marked by increased DMFT and OHI-S scores. Periodontal health also showed deterioration, with increased PD and CAL readings. The incidence of BRONJ symptoms was noted, although exact figures are not quantified in this abstract. The study also revealed changes in radiomorphometric parameters, suggesting bisphosphonates' impact on bone density and structure. No substantial alterations were observed in TMJ function, indicating a need for extended observation to understand bisphosphonates' long-term effects on the stomatognathic system. These findings highlight the importance of continuous dental monitoring and prophylaxis in patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. Implementing meticulous oral care protocols is essential for mitigating BRONJ risk and managing the complex oral health challenges in patients with cancer.
- Subjects
JAW diseases; DENTAL radiography; DIPHOSPHONATES; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR joint; BREAST tumors; STOMATOGNATHIC system; PERIODONTAL disease; PROSTATE tumors; ORAL hygiene; BONE metastasis; PERIODONTAL pockets; PANORAMIC radiography; CANCER patient psychology; ORAL health
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 6, p1124
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16061124