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- Title
Biodegradation of the trifluralin herbicide by Pseudomonas fluorescens.
- Authors
Faramarzi, M.; Avarseji, Z.; Gholamalipuor Alamdari, E.; Taliei, F.
- Abstract
Trifluralin is a xenobiotic pre-emergence and relatively stable herbicide in the soil from the dinitroanilines family. The present study was conducted with the aim of biodegradation and acceleration of its detoxification process in soil by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design that gauged the effect of P. fluorescens on the biodegradation of the trifluralin in four media types, including medium with carbon, nitrogen, carbon + nitrogen, and, without carbon + nitrogen. Population growth, chemical oxygen demand, and trifluralin concentration were measured 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation. Results indicated that 72 h after inoculation, the maximum and minimum values of population growth were 20.28 × 106 and 1.32 × 106 cell mL−1 and the highest and lowest percentage of chemical oxygen demand removal was recorded as 42.29 and 19.5% from carbon + nitrogen and without carbon + nitrogen medium respectively. Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography results, the highest biodegradation rate was obtained in carbon + nitrogen (63.97%) and carbon medium (45.05%). According to the results, the highest and the lowest percentage of trifluralin biodegradation occurred in the nutrient-rich and nutrient-free medium. It could be concluded that P. fluorescens requires an energy source for decomposition, and alone it is not able to break down the structure of trifluralin to use it as a food source, however, with the help of carbon and nitrogen sources as an energy starter; it is decomposed by the possibly co-metabolic method. It seems that fertile soil is needed to activate the degradation capacity of P. fluorescens.
- Subjects
PSEUDOMONAS fluorescens; TRIFLURALIN; MUPIROCIN; CHEMICAL oxygen demand; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; BIODEGRADATION
- Publication
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology (IJEST), 2023, Vol 20, Issue 4, p3591
- ISSN
1735-1472
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s13762-023-04758-3