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- Title
The Global Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Workforce.
- Authors
Petrucci, Beatriz; Okerosi, Samuel; Patterson, Rolvix H.; Hobday, Sara B.; Salano, Valerie; Waterworth, Christopher J.; Brody, Robert M.; Sprow, Holly; Alkire, Blake C.; Fagan, Johannes J.; Tamir, Sharon Ovnat; Der, Carolina; Bhutta, Mahmood F.; Maina, Ivy W.; Pang, Jonathan C.; Daudu, Davina; Mukuzi, Allan G.; Srinivasan, Tarika; Pietrobon, Carolina A.; Hao, Sheng-Po
- Abstract
Key Points: Question: What is the number of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) care clinicians per capita worldwide? Findings: In this cross-sectional survey study including OHNS organizations and clinicians, respondents from 114 countries comprising 84% of the world population estimate a workforce density of 2.19 OHNS clinicians per 100 000 population. Variations were noted by World Health Organization regions and World Bank income groups. Meaning: This comprehensive assessment of OHNS workforce provides a data-driven approach to surgical capacity-building programs and policies worldwide. Importance: A core component of delivering care of head and neck diseases is an adequate workforce. The World Health Organization report, Multi-Country Assessment of National Capacity to Provide Hearing Care, captured primary workforce estimates from 68 member states in 2012, noting that response rates were a limitation and that updated more comprehensive data are needed. Objective: To establish comprehensive workforce metrics for global otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) with updated data from more countries/territories. Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional electronic survey characterizing the OHNS workforce was disseminated from February 10 to June 22, 2022, to professional society leaders, medical licensing boards, public health officials, and practicing OHNS clinicians. Main Outcome: The OHNS workforce per capita, stratified by income and region. Results: Responses were collected from 121 of 195 countries/territories (62%). Survey responses specifically reported on OHNS workforce from 114 countries/territories representing 84% of the world's population. The global OHNS clinician density was 2.19 (range, 0-61.7) OHNS clinicians per 100 000 population. The OHNS clinician density varied by World Bank income group with higher-income countries associated with a higher density of clinicians. Regionally, Europe had the highest clinician density (5.70 clinicians per 100 000 population) whereas Africa (0.18 clinicians per 100 000 population) and Southeast Asia (1.12 clinicians per 100 000 population) had the lowest. The OHNS clinicians deliver most of the surgical management of ear diseases and hearing care, rhinologic and sinus diseases, laryngeal disorders, and upper aerodigestive mucosal cancer globally. Conclusion and Relevance: This cross-sectional survey study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global OHNS workforce. These results can guide focused investment in training and policy development to address disparities in the availability of OHNS clinicians. This cross-sectional study assesses the worldwide number and density, as well as scope of practice and availability of training programs, of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery clinicians.
- Publication
JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 2023, Vol 149, Issue 10, p904
- ISSN
2168-6181
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamaoto.2023.2339