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- Title
Re-contextualising the Zia-Junejo Confrontation and its Ramification on the Civil-Military Relations.
- Authors
Akhtar, Muhammad Saleem; Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal; Iftikhar, Rukhsana
- Abstract
This study intends to understand the dynamics of the Civil-Military relations during the Zia regime which was a military ruler (1977-1988). The authors are interested to explore and investigate how democracy works under a military regime. In fact, Civil-Military Relations (CMR) means interaction between civil government, civil society and armed forces of the country. Civil-military relations are not only a controversial and serious political issue in third-world countries but also in developed nations of the world. The political history of Pakistan, tells us that the CMR in Pakistan has never been cordial and has been marked by a gap of confidence and distrust. The present study focuses on the Zia-Junejo confrontation: (1985-1988)."It is a very important phase in the CMR history of Pakistan, which created very deep impact on the politics and foreign policy of Pakistan. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was a military dictator. In 1984, there were many kinds of internal and external pressures on him for the restoration of democracy in Pakistan. General Zia held a non-party election in 1985 and after Eighth Amendment in the constitution of 1973, restored limited democracy under the handpicked Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo. Soon after the restoration of democracy in Pakistan, a power struggle between Zia and Junejo started on protocols, turf and policy matters. There were many factors which played a role in increasing confrontation between Zia and Junejo, but the most important factor was the Geneva Accord which paved the way for the dismissal of the Junejo government in 1988.
- Publication
Pakistan Vision, 2021, Vol 22, Issue 1, p47
- ISSN
1681-5742
- Publication type
Article