An essay is presented on the cultural movements, traditionalism and protochronism in Europe. It compares the two cultural movements with regards to two groups of Romanian writers which include Lucian Blaga, Constantin Radulescu-Motru, and Edgar Papu. It examines Keith Hitchins' and Katherine Verdery's concept of the said movements. It is the author's views that protochronism must be regarded as separate from interwar traditionalism.