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- Title
Effects of HIV-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection on Lymphocyte and Dendritic Cell Density in Adult Foreskins from Rakai, Uganda.
- Authors
Johnson, Kristine E.; Redd, Andrew D.; Quinn, Thomas C.; Collinson-Streng, Aleisha N.; Cornish, Toby; Kong, Xiangrong; Sharma, Rajni; Tobian, Aaron A. R.; Tsai, Benjamin; Sherman, Mark E.; Kigozi, Godfrey; Serwadda, David; Wawer, Maria J.; Gray, Ronald H.
- Abstract
Background. Male circumcision reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) acquisition, and HSV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition. To assess the cellular basis for these associations, we estimated immunologic cellular densities in foreskin tissue.Methods. Immunostained CD1a+ dendritic cell and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell densities were quantified in foreskin samples obtained from medical circumcision in Rakai, Uganda (35 HIV-infected, HSV-2-infected men; 5 HIV-infected, HSV-2-uninfected men; 22 HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-infected men; and 29 HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-uninfected men.Results. CD1A+ dendritic cell densities did not vary by HIV or HSV-2 status. Compared with densities in HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-uninfected men (mean, 26.8 cells/mm2), CD4+ T cell densities were similar in the HIV-infected, HSV-2-infected group (mean, 28.7 cells/mm2), were significantly decreased in the HIV-infected, HSV-2-uninfected group (mean, 11.2; P < .05), and were increased in the HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-infected group (mean, 68.7; P < .05). Dermal CD8+ T cell densities were higher in the HIV and HSV-2-coinfected group (mean, 102.9) than in the HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-uninfected group (mean, 10.0; P < .001), the HIV-infected, HSV-2-uninfected group (mean, 27.3; P < .001), and the HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-infected group (mean, 25.3; P < .005).Discussion. The increased CD4+ cellular density in the HIV-uninfected, HSV-2-infected men may help to explain why HSV-2–infected men are at increased risk of HIV acquisition. The absence of this increase in men coinfected with both HIV and HSV-2 is likely in part the result of the progressive loss of CD4+ cells in HIV infection. Conversely, HIV and HSV-2 coinfection appears to synergistically increase CD8+ T cell densities.
- Subjects
RAKAI District (Uganda); UGANDA; CIRCUMCISION; HERPES simplex prevention; HIV prevention; T cells; CONTROL groups
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011, Vol 203, Issue 5, p602
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiq091