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- Title
Telesurgery and telesurgical support using a double-surgeon cockpit system allowing manipulation from two locations.
- Authors
Oki, Eiji; Ota, Mitsuhiko; Nakanoko, Tomonori; Tanaka, Yasushi; Toyota, Satoshi; Hu, Qingjiang; Nakaji, Yu; Nakanishi, Ryota; Ando, Koji; Kimura, Yasue; Hisamatsu, Yuichi; Mimori, Koshi; Takahashi, Yoshiya; Morohashi, Hajime; Kanno, Takahiro; Tadano, Kotaro; Kawashima, Kenji; Takano, Hironobu; Ebihara, Yuma; Shiota, Masaki
- Abstract
Background: Although several studies on telesurgery have been reported globally, a clinically applicable technique has not yet been developed. As part of a telesurgical study series conducted by the Japan Surgical Society, this study describes the first application of a double-surgeon cockpit system to telesurgery. Methods: Surgeon cockpits were installed at a local site and a remote site 140 km away. Three healthy pigs weighing between 26 and 29 kg were selected for surgery. Non-specialized surgeons performed emergency hemostasis, cholecystectomy, and renal vein ligation with remote assistance using the double-surgeon cockpits and specialized surgeons performed actual telesurgery. Additionally, the impact of adding internet protocol security (IPsec) encryption to the internet protocol-virtual private network (IP-VPN) line on communication was evaluated to address clinical security concerns. Results: The average time required for remote emergency hemostasis with the double-surgeon cockpit system was 10.64 s. A non-specialized surgeon could safely perform cholecystectomy or renal vein ligation with remote assistance. Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills and System Usability Scale scores were higher for telesurgical support-assisted surgery by a non-specialized surgeon using the double-surgeon cockpits than for telesurgery performed by a specialized surgeon without the double-cockpit system. Adding IPsec encryption to the IP-VPN did not have a significant impact on communication. Conclusion: Telesurgical support through our double-surgeon cockpit system is feasible as first step toward clinical telesurgery.
- Subjects
RENAL veins; VIRTUAL private networks; INTERNET protocols; PRIVATE networks; INTERNET security; SURGICAL robots; SURGEONS
- Publication
Surgical Endoscopy & Other Interventional Techniques, 2023, Vol 37, Issue 8, p6071
- ISSN
1866-6817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00464-023-10061-6