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- Title
Rheology of a crowd: from faster-is-slower to shear thickening.
- Authors
Hernández-Delfin, Dariel; García, Ander; Ellero, Marco
- Abstract
The evacuation speed of pedestrians through bottlenecks usually leads to the faster-is-slower (FIS) phenomenon, which relies on frictional clogging and clusters' size. However, less attention is given in literature to the rheology of pedestrian crowds and the forces ruling their dynamics. Here, we establish a link between the faster-is-slower phenomenon (FIS) in pedestrian crowds and the shear-thickening rheological behavior of (non)Brownian suspensions. We analyze pedestrian room egress through particle-based simulations using the Social Force Model, revealing an S-shaped shear rate dependency characteristic of discontinuous shear thickening (DST). At the same time, the crowd flow viscosity near the exit exhibits a steep increase coinciding with FIS occurrence, establishing a correlation between FIS and shear thickening. Our results prove that crowd evacuations are governed by two distinct critical jamming densities, one frictional and another frictionless, and that contact forces alone cannot lead to FIS, but social force interactions are necessary to avoid contacts at low desired speeds. Our results point at the suitability of (non)Brownian suspensions as models that provide an original rheological perspective to pedestrian dynamics. Despite the numerous analogies between (non)Brownian suspensions and pedestrian crowds, rheological studies on the dynamics of the latter are scarce. Adopting such rheological perspective, the authors show that contact forces alone cannot lead to the faster-is-slower effect, but that social force interactions need to be included.
- Subjects
RHEOLOGY; CIVILIAN evacuation; SOCIAL forces; CROWDS; ELECTRORHEOLOGY; SOCIAL interaction
- Publication
Communications Physics, 2024, Vol 7, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2399-3650
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s42005-024-01646-1