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- Title
Freeze‐drying of ceftriaxone sodium solution frozen with prefabricated porosity.
- Authors
Wang, Wei; Hu, Dapeng; Pan, Yanqiu; Li, Hengle; Chen, Guohua
- Abstract
Initially unsaturated material frozen with prefabricated porosity was prepared to experimentally investigate its effect on freeze‐drying of liquid material. Ceftriaxone sodium, a kind of commonly used antibiotic, was selected as the primary solute in an aqueous solution. The liquid nitrogen ice cream‐making method was employed to prepare frozen materials with different initial porosities. Results showed that freeze‐drying was significantly enhanced with the initially unsaturated frozen material and substantial drying time was saved compared with conventional freeze‐drying. Drying time for the unsaturated sample (0.3 of saturation or 0.67 of initial porosity) was more than 20 % shorter than that required for the saturated one (1.0 of saturation without initial porosity). SEM images displayed that the dried products of the unsaturated frozen material had a pierced solid skeleton and uniform pore space with a fine and tenuous structure compared with those of the saturated one. The freezing rate exhibited little influence on the freeze‐drying process. Annealing can be moderately beneficial to shortening the drying time and further improving the energy utilization. An appropriate increase in operating temperature was able to enhance the freeze‐drying rate while changes in chamber pressure had a negligible effect on the process. SEM images of three different dried products at 1000x of magnification; (a) S0 = 1.0, (b) S0 = 0.5, and (c) S0 = 0.3.
- Subjects
CEFTRIAXONE; POROSITY; DRYING
- Publication
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, Vol 97, Issue 3, p709
- ISSN
0008-4034
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cjce.23232