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- Title
Development and Validation of a Salt Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-Na) and a Discretionary Salt Questionnaire (DSQ) for the Evaluation of Salt Intake among French-Canadian Population.
- Authors
Gallani, Maria Cecilia; Proulx-Belhumeur, Alexandra; Almeras, Natalie; Després, Jean-Pierre; Doré, Michel; Giguère, Jean-François
- Abstract
We assessed the reliability and validity of a Salty Food Frequency Questionnaire for Sodium (FFQ-Na) and a Discretionary Salt Questionnaire (DSQ) developed for the French-Canadian population. The reliability was evaluated according to temporal stability over a 7–15 day interval (n = 36). Validity was evaluated by testing the tools against a 24-h urine sodium excretion (24 h Uri-Na) and a 3-day food record, and this at individual and group levels (n = 164). The intra-class coefficients (ICC) values for the test-retest of the DSQ, the FFQ-Na and the two questionnaires combined were 0.73, 0.97 and 0.98 respectively. Correlations of the FFQ-Na with the 24 h Uri-Na and the 3-day food record were 0.3 (p < 0.001) and 0.35 (p < 0.001) respectively. The DSQ showed no significant correlation with the reference measures. The correlation between the two methods combined were 0.29 (p < 0.001) with the 24 h Uri-Na and 0.31 (p < 0.001) with the 3-day food record. The results of Bland–Altman indicated that for the combined questionnaires, there was a bias of measurement (underestimation of intake), but it was constant for every level of intake according to the reference measures. Finally, the cross-classification indicated an acceptable proportion of agreement, but a rate between 20% and 30% of classification in the opposite quartile. In conclusion, the developed tools are reliable and showed some facets of validity.
- Subjects
CANADA; EXPERIMENTAL design; RESEARCH evaluation; STATISTICAL reliability; FOOD consumption; RESEARCH methodology; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; FRENCH-Canadians; INTRACLASS correlation; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; QUESTIONNAIRES; DIETARY sodium
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 1, p105
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13010105