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- Title
Magnetic Field Interactions of Military and Law Enforcement Bullets at 1.5 and 3 Tesla.
- Authors
Diallo, Idris; Auffret, Mathieu; Attar, Lakdar; Bouvard, Elise; Rousset, Jean; Salem, Douraied Ben; Ben Salem, Douraied
- Abstract
<bold>Objectives: </bold>There are significant numbers of military and law enforcement bullets containing ferromagnetic materials. This study aimed to assess the magnetic field interactions for a representative sample of military and law enforcement ballistic objects at 1.5 and 3 tesla (T) to create a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility database.<bold>Methods: </bold>Twenty-nine different bullets underwent MRI evaluation. The deflection angle method and a qualitative torque scale were used. The samples were representative of those commonly used in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military forces (e.g., 5.56 mm NATO), law enforcement agencies (e.g., 9 mm Parabellum), and encountered in war injuries and crime-related trauma (e.g., 7.62 mm Kalashnikov).<bold>Results: </bold>At all static magnetic field strengths, all non-nickel- and nonsteel-containing bullets exhibited no movement (deflection angle = 0°; torque = 0), whereas eight bullets containing steel core, steel jacket, or nickel jacket exhibited substantial magnetic field interactions over and above what might be regarded as safe in vivo (deflection angle = 90°; torque = 4+).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Military and law enforcement non-nickel- or nonsteel-containing bullets appear to be safe for patients in MRI system at 1.5 and 3 T. On the other hand, nickel- and steel-containing bullets exhibit movements that are considered potentially unsafe for patients in an MRI environment.
- Subjects
UNITED States; MAGNETIC fields; LAW enforcement; BULLETS; TESLA coils; BALLISTICS; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; NATO Armed Forces
- Publication
Military Medicine, 2016, Vol 181, Issue 7, p710
- ISSN
0026-4075
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00246