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- Title
Intracellular EP2 prostanoid receptor promotes cancer-related phenotypes in PC3 cells.
- Authors
Fernández-Martínez, Ana; Lucio-Cazaña, Javier
- Abstract
Prostaglandin E (PGE) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) affect many mechanisms that have been involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC). HIF-1α, which is up-regulated by PGE in LNCaP cells and PC3 cells, has been shown to contribute to metastasis and chemo-resistance of castrate-resistant PC (a lethal form of PC) and to promote in PC cells migration, invasion, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The selective blockade of PGE-EP2 signaling pathway in PC3 cells results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasion. PGE affects many mechanisms that have been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Recently, we have found in PC3 cells that most of these PGE-induced cancer-related features are due to intracellular PGE (iPGE). Here, we aimed to study in PC3 cells the role of iPGE-intracellular EP2 (iEP2)-HIF-1α signaling in several events linked to PC progression using an experimental approach involving pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin uptake transporter and EGFR and pharmacological and genetic modulation of EP2 receptor and HIF-1α. We found that iPGE increases HIF-1α expression through iEP2-dependent EGFR transactivation and that inhibition of any of the axis iEP2-EGFR-HIF-1α in cells treated with PGE or EP2 agonist results in prevention of the increase in PC3 cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Of note, PGE induced EP2 antagonist-sensitive DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from PC3 cells, which indicates that they have functional EP2 receptors. These results suggest that PGE-EP2 dependent intracrine mechanisms involving EGFR and HIF-1α play a role in PC.
- Subjects
PROSTATE cancer; DINOPROSTONE; PROSTANOIDS; PHENOTYPES; NEOVASCULARIZATION; CELLULAR signal transduction
- Publication
Cellular & Molecular Life Sciences, 2015, Vol 72, Issue 17, p3355
- ISSN
1420-682X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00018-015-1891-5