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- Title
Virtual reality crowd simulation: effects of agent density on user experience and behaviour.
- Authors
Dickinson, Patrick; Gerling, Kathrin; Hicks, Kieran; Murray, John; Shearer, John; Greenwood, Jacob
- Abstract
Agent-based crowd simulations are used for modelling building and space usage, allowing designers to explore hypothetical real-world scenarios, including extraordinary events such as evacuations. Existing work which engages virtual reality (VR) as a platform for crowd simulations has been primarily focussed on the validation of simulation models through observation; the use of interactions such as gaze to enhance a sense of immersion; or studies of proxemics. In this work, we extend previous studies of proxemics and examine the effects of varying crowd density on user experience and behaviour. We have created a simulation in which participants walk freely and perform a routine manual task, whilst interacting with agents controlled by a typical social force simulation model. We examine and report the effects of crowd density on both affective state and behaviour. Our results show a significant increase in negative affect with density, measured using a self-report scale. We further show significant differences in some aspects of user behaviours, using video analysis, and discuss how our results relate to VR simulation design for mixed human-agent scenarios.
- Subjects
VIRTUAL reality; COMPUTER simulation; MULTIAGENT systems; DIGITAL video; HUMAN-computer interaction
- Publication
Virtual Reality, 2019, Vol 23, Issue 1, p19
- ISSN
1359-4338
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10055-018-0365-0