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- Title
Staphylocoagulase is a prototype for the mechanism of cofactor-induced zymogen activation.
- Authors
Friedrich, Rainer; Panizzi, Peter; Fuentes-Prior, Pablo; Richter, Klaus; Verhamme, Ingrid; Anderson, Patricia J.; Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro; Huber, Robert; Bode, Wolfram; Bock, Paul E.
- Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens secrete proteins that activate host trypsinogen-like enzyme precursors, most notably the proenzymes of the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen implicated in sepsis and endocarditis, secretes the cofactor staphylocoagulase, which activates prothrombin, without the usual proteolytic cleavages, to directly initiate blood clotting. Here we present the 2.2?Å crystal structures of human a-thrombin and prethrombin-2 bound to a fully active staphylocoagulase variant. The cofactor consists of two domains, each with three-helix bundles; this is a novel fold that is distinct from known serine proteinase activators, particularly the streptococcal plasminogen activator streptokinase. The staphylocoagulase fold is conserved in other bacterial plasma-protein-binding factors and extracellular-matrix-binding factors. Kinetic studies confirm the importance of isoleucine 1 and valine 2 at the amino terminus of staphylocoagulase for zymogen activation. In addition to making contacts with the 148 loop and (pro)exosite I of prethrombin-2, staphylocoagulase inserts its N-terminal peptide into the activation pocket of bound prethrombin-2, allosterically inducing functional catalytic machinery. These investigations demonstrate unambiguously the validity of the zymogen-activation mechanism known as ‘molecular sexuality’.
- Subjects
PATHOGENIC microorganisms; TRYPSINOGEN; ENZYME activation
- Publication
Nature, 2003, Vol 425, Issue 6957, p535
- ISSN
0028-0836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nature01962