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- Title
Mutagenicity of Walnut Creek and Troy (Alabama) Wastewater Treatment Plant Influent and Effluent.
- Authors
Whatley, Alicia; In Ki Cho
- Abstract
Samples from Walnut Creek, upstream of the Troy Wastewater Treatment Plant (TWWTP), and the influents to and effluents from the TWWTP were assayed for mutagenicity using the Salmonella typhimurium fluctuation test. Samples were prepared with metabolic activation (channel catfish $9 and rat $9 enzymes) and without using TAl00 and TA98 strains of Salmonella. Results indicated that catfish $9 enzymes (FS9) were more capable of activating base-pair substitution mutagens in upstream samples than rat $9 enzymes (RS9). For influent samples, RS9 activated higher levels of base-pair and frameshift mutagens than FS9. The comparison of changes from influent to effluent samples showed a significant reduction in base-pair and no change in frameshift mutagens with FS9; conversely, no change in base- pair and a significant reduction in frameshift mutagens with RS9 were found. For direct-acting compounds (without enzymatic activation), a significant increase in frameshift mutations was found in effluent compared to influent, while no significant change was seen in base-pair substitutions. These results indicate that Walnut Creek contains both mutagenic and promutagenic compounds, and influents to TWWTF exhibit mutagenicity that may be refractory to or created by treatment processes. The generally higher mutagenicity ratios following RS9 activation vs. FS9, suggest that current toxicity studies in fish species and water quality requirements may be inadequate to assess the hazards of water resources that receive municipal wastewater treatment discharges and that may be habitat to both fish and mammalian wildlife and may eventually become sources for human exposures.
- Subjects
WALNUT Creek (Calif.); SALMONELLA typhimurium; SEWAGE disposal plants; MUTAGENICITY testing; BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism); CHANNEL catfish; ENZYMES
- Publication
Southeastern Naturalist, 2010, Vol 9, Issue 3, p497
- ISSN
1528-7092
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1656/058.009.0308