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- Title
Antagonistic expression of hepatitis C virus and alpha interferon in lymphoid cells during persistent occult infection.
- Authors
Pham, T. N. Q.; Mulrooney-Cousins, P. M.; Mercer, S. E.; MacParland, S. A.; Inglot, M.; Zalewska, M.; Simon, K.; Michalak, T. I.
- Abstract
Detection of residual HCV in individuals with SVR after treatment of CHC can be significantly heightened by analyzing ex vivo mitogen-activated T and B lymphocytes and applying sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays. However, it remained unknown if synergistic activation of lymphocytes and monocytes would further augment HCV detection, if viral replication becomes universally upregulated in treated cells, and if examining sequential sera and lymphoid cells would improve detection of occult infection. Using paired sera and lymphoid cells collected 1 year apart from 17 individuals with normal liver enzymes for up to 72 months after SVR, it was found that simultaneous activation of lymphocytes and monocytes enhanced identification of silent HCV infection and revealed that in some cases monocytes were the principal immune cell type where HCV persisted. Testing of serial samples further increased detection of occult infection. Ultimately, by combining the above two approaches, all individuals with SVR were found to be silent carriers of HCV. Clonal sequencing revealed HCV variations in sera and lymphoid cells and evolution of viral genomes confirming ongoing virus replication. Surprisingly, similar to those with CHC, naive lymphoid cells from some individuals carried ∼103 HCV copies/ μg total RNA. HCV loads in naive lymphoid cells predetermined the outcome of ex vivo stimulation with respect to upregulation or inhibition of HCV replication. HCV RNA levels in occult infection were inversely proportional to the expression of IFN α and IFN-inducible MxA, but not to IFN γ or tumour necrosis factor α in naive and mitogen-treated lymphoid cells.
- Subjects
HEPATITIS C virus; INTERFERONS; MONOCYTES; T cells; TUMOR necrosis factors; LYMPHOCYTES
- Publication
Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2007, Vol 14, Issue 8, p537
- ISSN
1352-0504
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00834.x