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- Title
Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against reinfection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.
- Authors
Chandrashekar, Abishek; Liu, Jinyan; Yu, Jingyou; McMahan, Katherine; Tostanoski, Lisa H.; Jacob-Dolan, Catherine; Mercado, Noe B.; Anioke, Tochi; Chang, Aiquan; Gardner, Sarah; Giffin, Victoria M.; Hope, David L.; Nampanya, Felix; Patel, Shivani; Sanborn, Owen; Sellers, Daniel; Wan, Huahua; Martinot, Amanda J.; Baczenas, John J.; O'Connor, Shelby L.
- Abstract
Resisting rechallenge: Prior infection and vaccination have been shown to elicit immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the extent to which prior infection or vaccination protects against variants of concern is unclear. In this pair of manuscripts, Chandrashekar et al. and Tostanoski et al. evaluated the ability of infection with the WA1/2020 strain to protect rhesus macaques and hamsters against secondary challenge with other strains of SARS-CoV-2. In both cases, prior infection elicited immunity that could protect against infection with heterologous strains. In addition, Tostanoski et al. showed that vaccination with Ad.26.COV2.S protected hamsters against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Together, these data show that prior infection and vaccination are protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that result in increased transmissibility and partial evasion of neutralizing antibodies have recently emerged. Whether natural immunity induced by the original SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain protects against rechallenge with these SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a critical unresolved question. In this study, we show that natural immunity induced by the WA1/2020 strain leads to partial but incomplete protection against the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) in rhesus macaques. We challenged rhesus macaques with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 and showed that infection with these variants resulted in high viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. We then infected rhesus macaques with the WA1/2020 strain and rechallenged them on day 35 with the WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351 variants. Natural immunity to WA1/2020 led to robust protection against rechallenge with WA1/2020 but only partial protection against rechallenge with B.1.351. An intermediate degree of protection was observed in rhesus macaques against rechallenge with B.1.1.7. These data demonstrate partial but incomplete protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by WA1/2020 against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our findings have important implications for both vaccination and public health strategies in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
- Subjects
RHESUS monkeys; SARS-CoV-2; MACAQUES; HAMSTERS; REINFECTION; NATURAL immunity; COVID-19
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 618, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2641