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- Title
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.
- Authors
Kim, Tae Jin; Koo, Kyo Chul
- Abstract
The clinical spectrum of prostate cancer (PCa) varies from castration-naive to metastatic castration-resistant disease. Despite the administration of androgen synthesis inhibitors and chemotherapy regimens for castration-resistant prostate cancer, the treatment options for this entity are limited. The utilization of the immune system against cancer cells shows potential as a therapeutic modality for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. With technological advances over the last decade, immunotherapy has become an integral treatment modality for advanced solid tumors. The feasibility of immunotherapy has shown promise for patients with PCa, and with advances in molecular diagnostic platforms and our understanding of immune mechanisms, immunotherapy is reemerging as a potential treatment modality for PCa. Various combinations of individualized immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with androgen receptor-targeted therapies and conventional cytotoxic agents show promise. This article will review the current status of immunotherapy, including new discoveries and precision approaches to PCa, and discuss future directions in the continuously evolving landscape of immunotherapy.
- Subjects
PROSTATE cancer; CASTRATION-resistant prostate cancer; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors; ANTIANDROGENS; ANDROGEN receptors; PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, Vol 21, Issue 15, p5484
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms21155484