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- Title
Eco-friendly and cost-effective Ag nanocrystals fabricated using the leaf extract of <italic>Habenaria plantaginea</italic>: toxicity on six mosquito vectors and four non-target species.
- Authors
Aarthi, Chinnadurai; Govindarajan, Marimuthu; Rajaraman, Pichaimuthu; Alharbi, Naiyf S.; Kadaikunnan, Shine; Khaled, Jamal M.; Mothana, Ramzi A.; Siddiqui, Nasir A.; Benelli, Giovanni
- Abstract
Recently, the biofabrication of metal nanoparticles has gained wide interest owing to its inherent features such as swift, simplicity, eco-friendliness, and cheaper costs. Different green-reducing agents led to the production of nanoparticles with varying toxicity on insects. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using <italic>Habenaria plantaginea</italic> leaf extract. Ag nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). <italic>H. plantaginea</italic> extract and AgNPs were tested for mosquito larvicidal activity on <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic>, <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>, <italic>Culex quinquefasciatus</italic>, <italic>An. subpictus</italic>, <italic>Ae. albopictus</italic>, and <italic>Cx. tritaeniorh</italic>y<italic>nchus</italic>. LC50 values were 102.51, 111.99, 123.47, 123.96, 136.56, 149.42 μg/ml and 12.23, 13.38, 14.78, 14.37, 15.39, 16.89 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, <italic>H. plantaginea</italic> aqueous extract and AgNPs were tested against the non-target species <italic>Anisops bouvieri</italic>, <italic>Diplonychus indicus</italic>, <italic>Poecilia reticulata</italic>, and <italic>Gambusia affinis</italic> obtaining LC50 values ranging from 831.82 to 36,212.67 μg/ml. Overall, this study showed the effectiveness of <italic>H. plantaginea</italic>-fabricated nanoparticles on a wide range of important mosquito vectors, highlighting their scarce toxicity on four natural enemies predating mosquito larvae and pupae.
- Subjects
HABENARIA; COST effectiveness; NANOCRYSTALS; MOSQUITOES; DIPTERA
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2018, Vol 25, Issue 11, p10317
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-017-9203-2