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- Title
Effect of Silver, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc on the Fertilization of the Northern Pacific Asteroid,Asterias amurensis.
- Authors
Lee, C.-H.; Ryu, T.-K.; Chang, M.; Choi, J.-W.
- Abstract
The fertilization assay with sea urchin has been widely used in quality assessments of marine environments owing to high sensitivity and short test duration (Nacci et al, 1986; Dinnel et al, 1983; 1989; USEPA, 1995). The disadvantage of sperm cell bioassay is that toxicity test can be conducted during only the spawning period, which is a serious problem in temperate regions in which sea urchin spawns for a limited period (at most 3 months for Korean species). Lee (2000) listed sea urchin species utilizable as bioassay organisms in Korea. The candidate species for bioassay are Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Pseudocentrotus depressus, Strongylocentrotus nudus, S. intermedius, and Anthocidaris crassispina. The spawning periods of these species are different from one another with some overlaps. The overall range covers from March to November. There is no sea urchin species spawning during winter. Since the reproductive system, the processes of fertilization, and the embryonic development of asteroids are similar to those of echinoids (Chia and Walker, 199 1), the bioassay protocol for sperm cell of echinoid can be similarly applied to asteroid. In the course of developing standard bioassay protocols with marine organisms in Korean waters, we found that the northern Pacific asteroid, Asterias amurensis Lütken is a winter spawner (Byrne et al., 1997). Since this species is commonly found in shallow subtidal areas along the Korean coast (Shin and Rho, 1996), it can be easily collected during low tides. So, we attempted to make this species a complementary bioassay organism to sea urchins during winter. Lee and Choi (2003) established optimal conditions for the sperm cell bioassay using A. amurensis. But information about the sensitivity of this species is still lacking. We set here the purpose of this study to determine the sensitivity of the sperm cell bioassay with A. amurensis to five metals (silver, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc) of environmental concerns in Korean coastal waters. In this paper, (1) the median effective concentrations (BC50) for each metal from sperm cell bioassay with A. amurensis are reported, (2) the sensitivity of sperm cell bioassay with this species is compared with those of other echinoids, and (3) the differences between sperm cell bioassay of A. amurensis and that of echinoids are described.
- Subjects
SOUTH Korea; ASTERIAS amurensis; SEA urchins; BIOLOGICAL assay; METALS &; the environment; EXPERIMENTAL toxicology; SILVER; CADMIUM; ZINC; COPPER; CHROMIUM
- Publication
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2004, Vol 73, Issue 4, p613
- ISSN
0007-4861
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00128-004-0472-3