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- Title
Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Has No Effect on Upper- and Lower-Body Maximal Isokinetic Strength and Muscular Endurance in International-Level Male Gymnasts.
- Authors
Esen, Ozcan; Fox, Joseph; Karayigit, Raci; Walshe, Ian
- Abstract
Nitrate ( NO 3 − ) has properties that can improve muscle function, leading to improvements in metabolic cost of exercise as well as enhance force production. Gymnastics is a whole-body sport, involving events that demand a high level of strength and fatigue resistance. However, the effect of NO 3 − supplementation on both upper- and lower-body function in gymnasts is unknown. This study examined the effect of acute beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on isokinetic strength and endurance of the upper- and lower-body in highly trained international-level male gymnasts. In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 10 international-level male gymnasts completed two acute supplementation periods, consuming either 2 × 70 ml NO 3 − -rich (∼12.8 mmol/L of NO 3 − ) or NO 3 − -depleted (PLA) BRJ. Maximal strength of the upper-leg and upper-arm at 60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s, and muscular endurance (50 repeated isokinetic contractions at 180°/s) were assessed. Plasma NO 3 − (BRJ: 663 ± 164 μM, PLA: 89 ± 48 μM) and nitrite ( NO 2 − ) concentrations (BRJ: 410 ± 137 nmol/L, PLA: 125 ± 36 nmol/L) were elevated following BRJ compared to PLA (both p <.001). Maximal strength of knee and elbow extensors and flexors did not differ between supplements (p >.05 for all velocities). Similarly, fatigue index of knee and elbow extension and flexion was not different between supplements (all p >.05). Acute BRJ supplementation, containing ∼12.8 mmol/L of NO 3 − , increased plasma NO 3 − and NO 2 − concentrations, but did not enhance isokinetic strength or fatigue resistance of either upper or lower extremities in international-level male gymnasts.
- Subjects
LEG physiology; SKELETAL muscle physiology; ARM physiology; GYMNASTICS; MUSCLE fatigue; BLIND experiment; STATISTICAL sampling; BEETS; FUNCTIONAL foods; NITRATES; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; MUSCLE strength; CROSSOVER trials; PHYSICAL fitness; ANTIOXIDANTS; ATHLETIC ability; NITROGEN oxides; DIETARY supplements; BEVERAGES
- Publication
International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism, 2024, Vol 34, Issue 3, p164
- ISSN
1526-484X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0202