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- Title
The impact of 1-year vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status in athletes: a dose-response study.
- Authors
Backx, E M P; Tieland, M; Maase, K; Kies, A K; Mensink, M; van Loon, L J C; de Groot, L C P G M
- Abstract
<bold>Background/objectives: </bold>To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Dutch athletes and to define the required dosage of vitamin D3 supplementation to prevent vitamin D deficiency over the course of a year.<bold>Subjects/methods: </bold>Blood samples were collected from 128 highly trained athletes to assess total 25(OH)D concentration. Of these 128 athletes, 54 male and 48 female athletes (18-32 years) were included in a randomized, double blind, dose-response study. Athletes with either a deficient (<50 nmol/l) or an insufficient (50-75 nmol/l) 25(OH)D concentration were randomly assigned to take 400, 1100 or 2200 IU vitamin D3 per day orally for 1 year. Athletes who had a total 25(OH)D concentration above 75 nmol/l at baseline continued with the study protocol without receiving vitamin D supplements. Serum total 25(OH)D concentration was assessed every 3 months, as well as dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure.<bold>Results: </bold>Nearly 70% of all athletes showed an insufficient (50-75 nmol/l) or a deficient (<50 nmol/l) 25(OH)D concentration at baseline. After 12 months, serum 25(OH)D concentration had increased more in the 2200 IU/day group (+50±27 nmol/l) than the sufficient group receiving no supplements (+4±17 nmol/l; P<0.01) and the 1100 IU/day group (+25±23 nmol/l; P<0.05). Supplementation with 2200 IU/day vitamin D resulted in a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration in 80% of the athletes after 12 months.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in athletes. Athletes with a deficient or an insufficient 25(OH)D concentration can achieve a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration within 3 months by taking 2200 IU/day.
- Subjects
NETHERLANDS; ATHLETES; COMPARATIVE studies; DIETARY supplements; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; RESEARCH; STATISTICAL sampling; SPORTS medicine; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D deficiency; EVALUATION research; CHOLECALCIFEROL; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; BLIND experiment; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2016, Vol 70, Issue 9, p1009
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1038/ejcn.2016.133