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- Title
Comparison of the Peak-to-trough Fluctuation in Plasma Concentration of Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Their Oral Equivalents.
- Authors
Sheehan, John J.; Reilly, Kristin R.; Fu, Dong-Jing; Alphs, Larry
- Abstract
ABSTRACT; Background: Small peak-to trough drug levels have been suggested to be related to improved tolerability. The aim of this study is to review the steady-state, peak-to trough,plasma-concentration fluctuation of long-acting injectable antipsychotics and equivalent oral formulations.Methods: A review of published literature and clinical study reports identified references that reported,depicted, or permitted derivation of the steady-state, peak-to-trough, plasma-concentration fluctuation of antipsychotics (the ratio of maximum concentration to minimum concentration following administration according to the recommended dosing interval) over the dosing interval. Suitable references were identified for haloperidol decanoate, olanzapinepamoate, paliperidone palmitate, risperidone long-acting injectable,and zuclopenthixol decanoate and their oral equivalents except zuclopenthixol. The single-dose time to maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) and half-life (t1/2) were also identified.Results: The steady-state, peak to-trough, plasma-concentration ratios of oral antipsychotics varied from 1.47 (paliperidone extended release, once daily) to 3.30 (active moiety risperidone, once daily).Among long-acting injectable antipsychotics, the ratios varied from 1.56 (paliperidone palmitate,once monthly) to approximately 4(olanzapine pamoate, once every four weeks). Among drugs with similar dosing intervals, longer Tmax and/or t1/2 generally correlated with less peak-to-trough fluctuation.Conclusion: Peak-to-trough fluctuations in plasma concentrations vary widely and maybe affected by differences in dosing, pharmacokinetic sampling, subjects' phenotypes, concomitant medications, comorbid diseases, and formulation. These fluctuations may affect clinical response and tolerability. Along with other patient specific and drug-specific factors,these fluctuations warrant consideration when selecting anantipsychotic and antipsychotic formulation. Further study is needed with more robust and generalizable peak-to-trough fluctuation data.
- Subjects
ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents; CONTROLLED release preparations; INJECTIONS; ORAL drug administration; RISPERIDONE; OLANZAPINE; SYSTEMATIC reviews; HALOPERIDOL
- Publication
Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 2012, Vol 9, Issue 7/8, p17
- ISSN
2158-8333
- Publication type
Article