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- Title
Evaluation of C and X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Derivatives for Tracking Crop Phenological Development.
- Authors
Pasternak, Marta; Pawłuszek-Filipiak, Kamila
- Abstract
Due to the expanding population and the constantly changing climate, food production is now considered a crucial concern. Although passive satellite remote sensing has already demonstrated its capabilities in accurate crop development monitoring, its limitations related to sunlight and cloud cover significantly restrict real-time temporal monitoring resolution. Considering synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, which is independent of the Sun and clouds, SAR remote sensing can be a perfect alternative to passive remote sensing methods. However, a variety of SAR sensors and delivered SAR indices present different performances in such context for different vegetation species. Therefore, this work focuses on comparing various SAR-derived indices from C-band and (Sentinel-1) and X-band (TerraSAR-X) data with the in situ information (phenp; pgy development, vegetation height and soil moisture) in the context of tracking the phenological development of corn, winter wheat, rye, canola, and potato. For this purpose, backscattering coefficients in VV and VH polarizations (σ V V 0 , σ V H 0 ), interferometric coherence, and the dual pol radar vegetation index (DpRVI) were calculated. To reduce noise in time series data and evaluate which filtering method presents a higher usability in SAR phenology tracking, signal filtering, such as Savitzky–Golay and moving average, with different parameters, were employed. The achieved results present that, for various plant species, different sensors (Sentinel-1 or TerraSAR-X) represent different performances. For instance, σ V H 0 of TerraSAR-X offered higher consistency with corn development (r = 0.81), while for canola σ V H 0 of Sentinel-1 offered higher performance (r = 0.88). Generally, σ V V 0 , σ V H 0 performed better than DpRVI or interferometric coherence. Time series filtering makes it possible to increase an agreement between phenology development and SAR-delivered indices; however, the Savitzky–Golay filtering method is more recommended. Besides phenological development, high correspondences can be found between vegetation height and some of SAR indices. Moreover, in some cases, moderate correlation was found between SAR indices and soil moisture.
- Subjects
SENTINEL-1 (Artificial satellite); SYNTHETIC aperture radar; WINTER wheat; CROP development; TRACKING radar; POTATOES; CANOLA; CORN development; REMOTE sensing
- Publication
Remote Sensing, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 20, p4996
- ISSN
2072-4292
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/rs15204996