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- Title
Clinical stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell tumors of the testis. A clinicopathologic study of 93 patients on a surveillance protocol after orchiectomy alone.
- Authors
Dunphy, Cherie H.; Ayala, Alberto G.; Swanson, David A.; Ro, Jae Y.; Logothetis, Christopher; Dunphy, C H; Ayala, A G; Swanson, D A; Ro, J Y; Logothetis, C
- Abstract
This study of 93 patients with Stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell testicular tumors who were placed in a surveillance study following orchiectomy was designed to evaluate pathologic prognostic factors. Follow-up was at least 12 months post-orchiectomy except for one patient who was followed for 9 months. Lymphatic invasion was identified in 26 patients, 62% of whom developed distant metastases; metastasis developed in only 18% of 67 patients without lymphatic invasion (P less than 0.01). Relapse was also associated with the presence of embryonal carcinoma. Of 81 patients with an embryonal carcinoma component, 35% developed metastases, whereas none of those without an embryonal carcinoma developed metastasis (P = 0.05). Effects of other histologic features and tumor size were not significant. Lymphatic invasion appeared to be a significant poor prognostic factor, and embryonal carcinoma was an independent poor prognostic factor.
- Publication
Cancer (0008543X), 1988, Vol 62, Issue 6, p1202
- ISSN
0008-543X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/1097-0142(19880915)62:6<1202::AID-CNCR2820620627>3.0.CO;2-S