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- Title
Haber-Bosch process intensification: A first step towards small-scale distributed ammonia production.
- Authors
Spatolisano, Elvira; Pellegrini, Laura A.
- Abstract
High operating pressures are needed in the Haber-Bosch process to push up the NH 3 conversion, which is limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium. This evidence hinders the application of distributed renewable ammonia production on small-scale. One possible solution to overcome this problem is the NH 3 removal downstream the reaction stage. Ammonia separation from unconverted gases can be performed either with solid-state species (i.e., metal halides or borohydrides), that react reversibly with gas phase NH 3 , or liquid solvents. Among liquid solvents, traditional NH 3 absorption technologies (water, aqueous acids or NH 4 H 2 PO 4) or novel absorption technologies (ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents) can be applied. In this respect, the aim of this work is to analyse the NH 3 production process intensification, introducing the NH 3 removal section through absorption with a phosphate solution downstream the reaction stage. The use of absorption for ammonia separation may open the door to moderate pressure synthesis loop and may pave the way for a down-scalable process based on renewable energy sources. • NH3 production in small-scale distributed plants is discussed. • The low-pressure Haber-Bosch is analyzed, for its application at small-scale. • Absorption downstream reaction is applied for NH3 removal. • The performances of the proposed scheme are analyzed, focusing on thermal coupling.
- Subjects
HABER-Bosch process; RENEWABLE energy sources; EUTECTICS; AMMONIA; THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; MANUFACTURING processes; METAL halides
- Publication
Chemical Engineering Research & Design: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part A, 2023, Vol 195, p651
- ISSN
0263-8762
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1016/j.cherd.2023.06.031