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- Title
Characterizing microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on intestinal epithelial cells: insight into the role of structure and size.
- Authors
Akbari, Peyman; Fink-Gremmels, Johanna; Willems, Rianne; Difilippo, Elisabetta; Schols, Henk; Schoterman, Margriet; Garssen, Johan; Braber, Saskia
- Abstract
Purpose: The direct effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), including Vivinal GOS syrup (VGOS) and purified Vivinal GOS (PGOS), on the epithelial integrity and corresponding interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) release were examined in a Caco-2 cell model for intestinal barrier dysfunction. To investigate structure-activity relationships, the effects of individual DP fractions of VGOS were evaluated. Moreover, the obtained results with GOS were compared with Caco-2 monolayers incubated with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. Methods: Caco-2 monolayers were pretreated (24 h) with or without specific oligosaccharides or DP fractions of VGOS (DP2 to DP6) before being exposed for 12 or 24 h to the fungal toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Transepithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow permeability were measured to investigate barrier integrity. A calcium switch assay was used to study the reassembly of tight junction proteins. Release of CXCL8, a typical marker for inflammation, was quantified by ELISA. Results: In comparison with PGOS, FOS and inulin, VGOS showed the most pronounced protective effect on the DON-induced impairment of the monolayer integrity, acceleration of the tight junction reassembly and the subsequent CXCL8 release. DP2 and DP3 in concentrations occurring in VGOS prevented the DON-induced epithelial barrier disruption, which could be related to their high prevalence in VGOS. However, no effects of the separate DP GOS fractions were observed on CXCL8 release. Conclusions: This comparative study demonstrates the direct, microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on the intestinal barrier function and shows the differences between individual galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides. This microbiota-independent effect of oligosaccharides depends on the oligosaccharide structure, DP length and concentration.
- Subjects
EPITHELIUM; INTESTINAL physiology; BIOLOGICAL models; COMPARATIVE studies; INTERLEUKINS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MEMBRANE proteins; IN vitro studies; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
European Journal of Nutrition, 2017, Vol 56, Issue 5, p1919
- ISSN
1436-6207
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00394-016-1234-9