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- Title
KARTOGRAFSKE PERCEPCIJE RIJEKA MURE I DRAVE TE NJIHOVIH PRITOKA NA MEĐIMURSKOM VLASTELINSTVU OD DRUGE POLOVICE 16. DO KONCA 17. STOLJEĆA.
- Authors
Milinović, Aleksej
- Abstract
In the period from the second half of the 16th and through much of the 17th century feudal lord of Medimurje or Medimurje estate was the Croatian and Hungarian magnate Zrinski family. At that time, numerous maps were made, most often without any field work of cartographers. Therefore, the general dearth of relevant information generated many perceptions of the area as imago or picture and presentations of the word. Such maps are not only geographical and historical, but they were both a mental and cognitive map or maps of systems or ideologies that created them. These are a result of the achievements of their time, and they were meeting the needs of men and they should also be appreciated on this basis, without any form of disrespect. The Medimurje estate is found on the edges of maps of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Pannonia, Slavonia, Croatia, the Ottoman Empire, Illyricum, and other countries and geographic units. These cartographic sources also testify about the processes of human impact on the environment. Also, shown on them is a hydrographic network of the estate, but never specifically, rather with other toponyms. When writing toponyms it was immediately apparent that foreigners entered them, who had major problems with spelling of the language of the local population not only with the names of villages, but also with the Latin names of major rivers such as the Mura and Drava. Therefore, with rare exceptions such as is the case of Brilach (Prelog), we find numerous forms of the names of the same villages. On no map do we find displayed the inundation or flood line of the road (it was thought that such were not essential) nor bridges (because they were none). Unfortunately, places were not charted where one could cross the Drava and Mura by raft (trajectus). On a large number of maps it can be observed that they are highly elongated in an east-west direction because it was difficult then to measure their geographical lenghts. Thus, the rivers and streams were unrealistically long, which confirms that the data on rivers and lakes abounded in the greatest number of errors, and some other errors are visible, such as that mouth of the Mura into the Drava at Legrad to Lake Balaton is the same the distance as from Lake Balaton to Belgrade where the Sava River flows into the Danube. Eventually, more field data entered the maps, but then a big problem arose as the Mura and especially the Drava were easily changing their beds. That often happened because of the considerable sinking of the terrain and because of the waters which consequently had high kinetic energy. Therefore, the areas along the rivers sometimes changed year after year which encumbered the work of cartographers, and made the task extremely frustrating. The area of the Medimurje estate became particularly interesting to cartographers after the Ottoman conquest of Nagykanizsa in 1600. and when it became the seat of a sanjak. From then until 1690. the imperial border of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire was located on the Mura River and the cartographic processing of this area (which was very dangerous) had supreme military significance. The most accurate maps that were created consequently belong to the Habsburg cartographic tradition which was then in the scientific sense the most advanced in the world.
- Publication
Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija, 2013, Vol 9, Issue 1, p35
- ISSN
1845-5867
- Publication type
Article