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- Title
TIM-3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of COVID-19 patients.
- Authors
Modabber, Zahra; Shahbazi, Mehdi; Akbari, Roghayeh; Bagherzadeh, Mojgan; Firouzjahi, Alireza; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life-threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti-human CD39, PD-1, TIM-3, and anti-human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups. Results: We detected overexpression of TIM-3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM-3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI. Conclusion: T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID-19 disease and TIM-3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
- Subjects
T cells; MONONUCLEAR leukocytes; COVID-19; LYMPHOPENIA; HEPATITIS A virus cellular receptors; BLOOD sedimentation
- Publication
Immunity, Inflammation & Disease, 2021, Vol 9, Issue 4, p1707
- ISSN
2050-4527
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/iid3.526